When it comes to pregnancy, certain nutrients play a starring role – and folic acid is one of the most important. A type of B vitamin, folic acid is the synthetic version of folate, which naturally occurs in foods like leafy greens and legumes. Research has shown a strong link between folate deficiency and serious birth defects. That’s why getting enough folic acid, whether through fortified foods or supplements, is essential for expectant moms to support a healthy pregnancy and baby development.
Folic Acid and Fetal Development
A critical period of fetal development occurs during the early weeks of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she’s pregnant. The neural tube is one of the earliest structures to form. Without enough folic acid, the neural tube may not close correctly, potentially affecting the skull, brain, and spine. A lack of folic acid can lead to health problems, including spina bifida and anencephaly. When taken before and during pregnancy, folic acid may also protect against cleft lip, premature birth, low birth weight, miscarriage, and other conditions.
What Are Neural Tube Defects?
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects affecting the brain and spine, occurring when the neural tube fails to close properly. These defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, can often be prevented with folic acid supplementation.
Spina Bifida
Spina bifida can vary in severity and may lead to significant disabilities. Symptoms depend on the location and size of the opening on the spine, as well as the involvement of the spinal cord and nerves. In some cases, surgery is necessary for early treatment of spina bifida. However, surgery may not fully restore lost function.
Anencephaly
Anencephaly is a birth defect in which a baby is born without parts of their brain and skull. This condition affects the nervous system, including the brain, spine, and nerves. Babies born with anencephaly may be stillborn or may only survive a few hours to a few days after birth. The main symptom is unconsciousness. Currently, there is no cure for anencephaly, and treatment aims at making the baby as comfortable as possible.
Researchers have found that the risk of NTDs is significantly reduced when a woman consumes extra folic acid along with a healthy diet from one month before conception through two to three months after becoming pregnant.
Sources of Folic Acid
According to the CDC, women planning on becoming pregnant should get 400 micrograms of folic acid daily. Sources of folic acid include:
- Over-the-counter supplements
- Dark, leafy green vegetables
- Legumes
- Fruits
- Enriched bread, breakfast cereal, pasta, rice, and other grains
Learn More About Folic Acid for Early Pregnancy
If you’re planning on becoming pregnant or are currently pregnant, getting enough folic acid is crucial for your growing baby’s development. The experienced team at Pacific Gynecology and Obstetrics Medical Group can answer your questions about folic acid and help ensure you’re getting the vitamins and nutrition you need. Contact us today for more information or to schedule an appointment.
